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Vukašin Mrnjavčević
Vukašin Mrnjavčević (, ; c. 1320 – 26 September 1371) was a Serbian medieval nobleman (became a king in 1365) of the Mrnjavčević family that ruled the modern-day central and northwestern Macedonia from 1365 to 1371.〔"(King Vukasin and the Disastrous Battle of Maritsa )" M.A. Vladislav Boskovic, GRIN Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-640-49243-5〕
==Background==
According to 17th-century Ragusan historian Mavro Orbin, his father was a minor noble named Mrnjava from Zachlumia, whose sons Vukašin and Uglješa were born in Livno in western Bosnia.〔Orbin, Mavro (1968). "Наставак већ поменуте историје краљева Далмације" (in Serbian). Miroslav Pantić, Radovan Samardžić, Franjo Barišić, Sima M. Ćirković. eds. ''Краљевство Словена (Realm of the Slavs )''. trans. Zdravko Šundrica. Belgrade: Srpska književna zadruga.〕 Some of Orbin's historical accounts are based on oral traditions of his time, but a 1280 Ragusan document mentions a Mrnjan as a nobleman from Trebinje, a town in Travunia in the vicinity of Zachlumia.〔Jireček, Konstantin Josef (1952). "Чиновници у жупама: сатник, казнац camerarius, доцније прахтор порезник" (in Serbian). ''Политичка историја: до 1537. године''. Историја Срба (of the Serbs ). 1. trans. Jovan Radonjić. Belgrade: Naučna knjiga.〕 The same Mrnjan is mentioned again in a 1289 charter as a treasurer of Queen Hélène d'Anjou, mother of Serbian King Milutin.〔〔Miklošič, Franc (1858). ''Monumenta serbica spectantia historiam Serbiae Bosnae Ragusii'' (in Serbian and Latin). Vienna: apud Guilelmum Braumüller. pp. 56, 180, 181.〕 After Zachlumia was annexed by Bosnia in 1326, the family of Mrnjan, or Mrnjava, could have moved to Livno. Possibly the family supported Serbian Emperor Dušan's invasion of Bosnia in 1350, as did other Zachlumian nobles, and fearing punishment, emigrated to Serbia when the war was about to start.〔Van Antwerp Fine, John. (1994). "The Balkans from Dušan's Death (1355) to the Eve of Kosovo (1389)". ''The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest''. The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4. pp. 362-64.〕 In favor of Zachumlian or Travunian origin of Vukašin also speaks the inscription on the tomb in a church in Ochrid, where certain Ostoja Rajaković of the Ugarčić clan (died 1379) is referred to as a cousin of Vukašin's eldest son Marko.〔 The Ugarčić clan is attested in contemporary sources as inhabiting the region of Trebinje.〔Jireček, Konstantin Josef (1952). "Насеља, земљорадња и занати" (in Serbian). ''Политичка историја: до 1537. године''. Историја Срба (of the Serbs ). 1. trans. Jovan Radonjić. Belgrade: Naučna knjiga.〕
After Serbia had expanded southwards into Macedonia, the local feudal lords—Greeks—were replaced with Serbs, many of whom were from Zachlumia and Travunia.〔〔Šuica, Marko. (2000). "Остоја Рајаковић" (in Serbian). ''Немирно доба српског средњег века: властела српских обласних господара''. Belgrade: Službeni list SRJ. ISBN 86-355-0452-6.〕 In c. 1350 Emperor Dušan appointed Vukašin the župan (district governor) of Prilep in Macedonia.〔〔Stojanović, Ljubomir (1902). ''Стари српски записи и натписи (Serbian Inscriptions and Superscriptions )'' (in Serbian). 1. Belgrade: Serbian Royal Academy. p. 37.〕 From then on Vukašin rapidly rose, and was one of the most dominant Serbian nobles at the time of the sudden death of Dušan in 1355.〔 He was given the title of despot by Dušan's successor Emperor Stefan Uroš V. In 1365 he was crowned King of the Serbs and Greeks as the co-ruler of Emperor Uroš.〔 He ruled over an area which included Prizren, Skopje and Prilep, and had good relations with his brother, Despot Jovan Uglješa who ruled an area around Ser. Later he became strong enough to disobey Uroš.
In 1370 he contributed to the monasteries of Mount Athos and prepared a war against the Ottoman Empire, which his brother supported. Vukašin was to attack Trebinje in June 1371 but it was never carried out.〔(''The Serbs'' )〕 In September 1371, he established a coalition with his brother against the Ottomans and advanced. The Serbian army of the coalition numbering ca. 70,000 men met the Ottoman army led by beylerbey of Rumeli Lala Şâhin Paşa at Battle of Maritsa on 26 September 1371 where superior Ottoman tactics won over outnumbering coalition army. The Ottomans attacked the Serbian Army while they rested and Vukašin's forces were routed and himself killed during the battle.〔
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